Assessment of Wetlands and Sarus Cranes in Tulsidihawa, Kapilvastu

Study area: Tulsidihawa and Bajaha Lakes, Kapilvastu, Nepal

Tulsidihawa and Bajaha Lakes are important transboundary wetlands located along the Nepal–India border within the Terai Arc Landscape. These wetlands support rich biodiversity and provide critical habitat for the Sarus Crane (Antigone antigone), the world’s tallest flying bird. The surrounding agricultural landscapes, particularly rice farming systems, are vital for local livelihoods and also serve as important nesting and breeding habitats for Sarus Cranes. Due to their ecological significance, both wetlands have been proposed as a transboundary Ramsar Site. WWF Nepal and the International Crane Foundation (ICF) are jointly undertaking a field assessment to support long-term wetland conservation and community livelihoods.

Project Objectives

• • Generate baseline ecological and socio-economic information for a long-term conservation initiative.

• • Support the preparation of Ramsar Site nomination documents.

Key Activities

The project will include:

• • Wetland environment and water quality assessment

• • Biodiversity surveys focusing on Sarus Cranes and wetland species

• • Documentation of vegetation, fisheries, and habitat conditions

• • Assessment of local livelihoods and rice farming systems

• • Identification of threats to wetlands and biodiversity

• • Exploration of regenerative rice farming opportunities

• • Documentation of cultural and ecotourism values

• • Review of existing conservation and governance mechanisms

Field surveys will be conducted in March 2026 through literature review, GIS analysis, stakeholder consultations, and field-based assessments.

Expected Outcomes

The project will contribute to:

• • Wetland and Sarus Crane conservation

• • Sustainable livelihood improvement

• • Promotion of biodiversity-friendly agriculture

• • Ramsar Site nomination and transboundary conservation planning